LB Klein, Georgia, USA, SSH Blog Correspondent
Content warning: sexual violence and media attention
In late 2014, Rolling Stone released an extensive article entitled “Rape on Campus,” that included the story of “Jackie,” a student who reported that she was gang raped in a fraternity. On Sunday night, the Columbia School of Journalism released an investigative report on how Rolling Stone mishandled their reporting of this story. Some have interpreted Rolling Stone’s journalistic failure as a sign that the pervasive public health problem of sexual assault, particularly on college campuses, is overblown. While journalists should certainly use Columbia’s report as a teaching tool, this debacle should have no bearing on how we view the endemic issue of sexual assault on campus or the necessity that we believe survivors. In fact, believing survivors is more important than ever.
I’m grateful to have had many survivors of sexual violence trust me with their stories. I’ve received these stories whispered in anonymous hotline calls; revealed through the course of twelve hours in an ER or full years in the courtroom; screamed into microphones at speak outs; or given to the world through public activism or anonymous reports. These survivors have been strangers, clients, friends, significant others, and family members. I also see a survivor every day when I look in the mirror.
If I did not have this lived experience as a survivor, advocate, and activist, there are countless studies on the endemic nature of sexual assault in our communities and on our campuses. For every survivor who tells their* story publicly, there are countless others who choose silence as the best decision for their survival. Our culture so endorses the silencing of survivors that speaking out is considered exceptionally brave. The scope of gender-based violence spans all spaces in which we live our lives from the bedroom to the boardroom to the street. Even though street harassment occurs in a public place, speaking out about it is rare and survivors fear the consequences of calling it out, even anonymously.
I have watched the horrified faces of hundreds of survivors as they turn over choices no one should have to make in their minds. Risk scrutiny or to stay silent? Seek justice or to stay silent. Seek solidarity or stay silent? Each choice has drawbacks and is subject to endless public or private criticism. Many survivors choose silence or telling only a few people, chosen strategically. Even after this careful deliberation, survivors are still blamed, betrayed, and called “liars” and “crazy” by the loved ones and systems they hope will help them.
Many survivors certainly live in fear of their abusers but all survivors live in a greater fear of disbelief, harassment, criticism, isolation, community retaliation, loss, and judgment. Survivors who have gone public or sought justice face these issues on an amplified scale and the backlash they face shows other survivors the costs of coming forward. The response to Rolling Stone’s poor reporting choices is yet another example to survivors that if one story faces scrutiny, all survivors will be assumed to be lying.
Over the past few years, I have read many stories of people faking a cancer diagnosis to solicit donations for their own personal gain. This exploitation of real tragedy is clearly far more nefarious than journalistic or police investigations have even insinuated “Jackie” to be. These stories of faked illnesses for cash, however, have not inspired us to question friends or strangers when they disclose their suffering to us. We don’t ask, “are you sure you really have cancer? I hear a lot of people lie about having cancer, can you show me your medical records? Are you sure you’re not just looking for attention? You look fine to me, do you really need time off of work or school to get treatment for cancer?”
As a culture, we become collectively appalled that someone would make up a cancer diagnosis, and anyone who tries to use one of these stories as evidence that “cancer survivors lie” would be lambasted. The same consequences should be dealt for those who disbelieve the staggering numbers of survivors of sexual assault on college campus due to scrutiny applied to one story. Even if “Jackie’s” story is patently false, it should not lessen our outrage when we hear about sexual violence. In fact, the response to “Jackie’s” story should cause us to redouble our efforts to believe survivors. This backlash is a reminder of how far we still have to go to foster a survivor supportive culture that is truly intolerant of sexual violence.
Our culture is a rape culture. Through disbelieving survivors, we perpetuate abuse, violence, and trauma. According to FBI crime statistics, about 2% of reports of rape prove false, which is consistent with false reporting of other violent crimes. I would much rather give the unwavering benefit of the doubt on the side of that 98%, especially knowing that the reaction a survivor receives when disclosing what happened is the single best predictor of the severity of their trauma reaction and time it will take them to heal.
While none of us truly know “Jackie’s” truth and lived experience, even if her story could be proven to be fabricated, I remain steadfast in my stance that we must believe survivors. If “Jackie” is a part of that 2%, the potential debunking of her story does not cause the other 98% to evaporate. The public attention to rare false reports, however, does cause survivors to remain silent. The spectacle created by the Rolling Stone story requires us to increase our public, unapologetic support of survivors. We must recognize the suffering of survivors that is exacerbated by the attention paid to this one story and this one article. There has been immense harm done to survivors through this very public scrutiny of one case. Because of Rollins Stone’s failures, we must commit to believing survivors now more than ever.
*I use “their” as a gender neutral pronoun to refer to survivors, recognizing that women and trans people disproportionately experience sexual violence but men are also sexually assaulted, particularly before the age of 18. The vast majority of perpetrators are men but there are perpetrators of all genders.
LB is an Atlanta-based advocate, student, educator, and consultant who has dedicated her professional and academic career to ending gender-based violence, supporting survivors, and advancing social justice. You can follow her on twitter @LB_Klein.
