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Brazil: A New Femicide Law

March 17, 2015 By Correspondent

Juliana Guarany, Brazil, Blog Correspondent

Right after Women’s Day (March 8th), Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff enacted a law against Feminicide. Feminicide is when a woman is murdered out of discrimination — just because she is a woman. It is classified as a hate crime.

The feminicide qualification of a crime can add about one-third of the penalty to the given sentence. It is worse when the woman is pregnant or has just given birth, when she is younger than 14 years old or older than 65 years old. But why would Brazil specify a longer sentence for the murder of women over men?

Because of the sexism that exists in the country, of course.

Women are not the majority of people murdered in Brazil; just about 23 percent of all murders in Brazil have women as victims. The biggest group at risk for murder is young black men – and, of course, that is a racist problem to be addressed. But what scares us feminists the most about the murder of women is that 40 percent of them are killed at home. So, out of ten female victims, four are killed in their own house by people who were supposed to love them. That is why this law is important.

If it’s too hard to understand how insane it is to think that women are so unsafe at home, just think a bit about the macho culture that rules Brazil. Men are raised to be fearless creatures, ready to tackle anything that stands in the way of what they want: a job, for example, or a college degree, or a nice body… or a woman. Men pursue women as if they were prey. Women, on the other hand, just learn to behave as the prey and accept that. So when predator and prey get married, there is a huge confusion on whether the woman is another person or simply something the man possesses. Many believe that, yes, they are entitled to own that woman. And they demand, they disrespect, and they kill.

It is important to understand how laws are followed for women in a sexist country.

The main reason to sanction the feminicide law was to acknowledge the fact that women are being killed just by being women, out of an act of discrimination: a man decides that a woman is not playing by his rules and he kills her. But also, feminicide enhances the penalty because many of the killers have walked out of the courts with mild penalties because: “he acted passionately, out of love”, or “he won’t do it again, it was his wife, he regrets it”, or, the worst one: “she cheated on him, she had it coming”.

Brazilian law has now codified the crime of feminicide, making it harder for men to appeal to the sexist minds of the jury and judges. Let’s hope that this bias will one day be gone and the feminicide law can become obsolete.

Note: Last week, there was a talk on BBC World Radio about feminicide in Brazil and I participated in it. You can all listen to it via this link.

Juliana is a fellow from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and, together with Hamburg University, in Germany, is creating a digital campaign to connect all feminist initiatives around the globe. Read her blog Whistleblower and follow her on Twitter, @juguarany.

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Filed Under: correspondents, News stories

The Bahamas: Rape is not Sex

March 16, 2015 By Correspondent

Alicia Wallace, Nassau, The Bahamas, Blog Correspondent

Image via http://profiles98.com/

The people of The Bahamas have recently come to terms with the fact that a new festival is being brought to the country. While it is the source of great debate, a Trinidad-inspired carnival will take place in May 2015 to the dismay of many loyal practitioners and fans of the Bahamian Junkanoo parade. In impassioned exchanges on the topic of Bahamas Junkanoo Carnival – a name meant to appease Junkanooers – much of the focus is put on the women of The Bahamas and the costumes designed for them to wear.

The Bahamas Christian Council, as expected, made bold, sweeping statements about the festival, zeroing in on the “immodest costumes” and the sexual violence they would inspire. Dr. Ranford Patterson said, “We are of the view that the promotion of immodest costumes, such as those displayed for use in the upcoming Bahamas Junkanoo Carnival, will not only promote promiscuity, but fornication, rape, incest, and other sins of the flesh as well.”

As Director of Hollaback! Bahamas, I have serious concerns about carnival, especially given the high rate of street harassment experienced here. Those concerns, however, do not outweigh or erase the right every woman has to participate in the festival, free of judgment, shame, and acts of sexual violence.

Dr. Ranford Patterson does not seem to have taken the time or council necessary to consider the dangers of his statement. He has made assumptions which are now, quite likely, born by many others who under his – and the Bahamas Christian Council’s – influence. It is unfortunate that people in positions of power rarely recognize the responsibility that accompanies influence.

The statement made on behalf of the Bahamas Christian Council is problematic on many levels. There is far too much to address at once, so let’s focus on the views on rape presented.

The statement suggests that rape is sex or, at the very least, is about sex. It is shocking and disappointing that sex and rape are still being confused. Far too often we see newspaper articles referring to statutory rape as “sex with a minor”. Far too often we see rape being called “unlawful sex”. It is unclear whether this is due to a fear of the word, or discomfort with the truth that lies within it.

The difference between sex and rape is clear. Sex requires consent while rape is a violation. Rape is about power and control – not sexual desire.

Dr. Ranford Patterson played the blame game in his statement. He suggested that victims are at fault, and perpetrators are helpless beings. He is completely misguided, perpetuating the myth that acts of sexual violence are caused by clothing, or lack thereof.

Rape has never been caused by physical environments, music, dancing, or costumes. The only common denominator in cases of rape is the rapist. It is, therefore, crystal clear, that the only entity guilty of rape is the rapist.

The Bahamas Christian Council’s statement is misleading as it suggests the blame for rape should rest with the victim based on the choices made by the victim. As a body with tremendous power and influence, it should recognize its responsibility and the necessity of making consultations and seeking the advice of experts before making public statements. The burden is now on civic organizations to repair the damage done by the Bahamas Christian Council. It is our duty to ensure that:

–       Sexual assault victims are not blamed

–       The distinction is made between sex and rape

–       Bahamas Junkanoo Carnival is not used as a scapegoat for acts of sexual violence

–       The free will and ability to make decisions of perpetrators is recognized

–       Women have the rights to dress as they wish

–       Women have the right to participate in festivals without the threat of sexual assault

–       Women have the right to participate in festivals, free of the idea that they are “asking for it”

As Bahamas Junkanoo Carnival – scheduled for May – draws near, Hollaback! Bahamas will be active and vocal in the community. The Bahamian people must be educated on consent and body autonomy. We cannot allow organizations to spew ignorance, hatred, or unfounded claims under the guise of morality. Our people must have the freedom to dress, move, and participate in festivals as they see fit. No door should be shut on a woman because of her sex, and no perpetrator should slip into the shadows because the spotlight is trained on a woman’s costume. We will not be silent. As educated people with clear understanding of the issues at hand, we must not allow our voices to be drowned out by the less enlightened. As their voices rise, so shall ours, in greater than equal measure.

Alicia is a freelance writer and public educator in Nassau, Bahamas. You can connect with her on Twitter (@_AliciaAudrey and on her blog.

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Filed Under: correspondents, hollaback, street harassment

USA: Attention Street Harassers

March 16, 2015 By Correspondent

Emily Gillingham, Washington, DC, USA, Blog Correspondent

Are you a street harasser? Are you someone who doesn’t think street harassment is a big deal? Are you interested in the topic of street harassment and want to learn more? Did someone you were arguing with on Twitter give you the link to this blog post? Welcome!

I compiled these lists as a helpful reference if you’re wondering where the people arguing with you on the street, in the office, or on Twitter are coming from. I also designed this post as a resource that can be linked to when some stranger on the Internet demands answers to arguments and questions about street harassment, because your time is more valuable than having to run through this all the time.

By no means are these lists exhaustive; for brevity, I designed them to hit the questions and arguments that I see and hear the most.

There are a lot of interesting and comprehensive resources and blog posts about street harassment on this website and elsewhere online. If you have questions beyond this list, I’d suggest browsing through them.

What Types of Things Are Street Harassment?

Stopstreetharassment.org sums it up well: “Gender-based street harassment is unwanted comments, gestures, and actions forced on a stranger in a public place without their consent and is directed at them because of their actual or perceived sex, gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation. Street harassment includes unwanted whistling, leering, sexist, homophobic or transphobic slurs, persistent requests for someone’s name, number or destination after they’ve said no, sexual names, comments and demands, following, flashing, public masturbation, groping, sexual assault, and rape.”

Things That Strangers on the Street Do Not Owe You

* Eye contact
* A smile or other expression of your choosing
* An answer to your question or greeting
* Attention
* A polite response, or any response at all

Things That Don’t Excuse Street Harassment

* Concern that you won’t be able to find a romantic partner if you can’t street harass
* Your perception of or questions about the person’s gender, sex, gender expression, or sexual orientation
* Your desire to give a compliment
* What the person is wearing
* What time it is
* What part of town the person is walking in
* Whether you think the person is attractive or not
* Your perception of or questions about the person’s race, class, religion, disability, or nationality
* Whether or not the person is wearing a wedding ring
* Your opinion about the person you wish to harass
* What the person is doing
* Whether you think street harassment is a “big deal” or something that should make people uncomfortable or not
* Whether or not you are a “nice guy”

Why You Should Not Street Harass

* Street harassment makes lot of people uncomfortable and you don’t know who those people are.
* Many people who rebuff or ignore street harassers have been subjected to violence, even in the U.S.; the people you harass don’t know if you are someone who would do them harm or not.
* What you might think is friendly or a compliment may not be perceived that way by others.
* Street harassment forces many people to rearrange their daily routines around when and where they can feel safe.
* You should care about respecting the dignity of others.

Emily is a 3L at Michigan State University College of Law, and the president of her school’s chapter of LSRJ. Follow her on Twitter @emgillingham.

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Filed Under: correspondents

USA: A Letter to Street Harassers

March 12, 2015 By Correspondent

Dylan Jane Manderlink, Arkansas, USA, SSH Blog Correspondent

Dear Street Harasser (and all of the people who have ever harassed or made me feel violated and uncomfortable while I walked down the street),

You are not free to hit on me. Contrary to what you, your friends, and society might think, I am the only one who can take charge of me entirely. Your indecent comments, unwanted examination of my body, promotion of subtle violence, and unawareness of my personal space were your failed attempts to take charge of me, assert your power, and have what isn’t yours. When you defensively spat back at me after I initially ignored you, I hope you know how primitive and humiliating your actions were. When you took one too many steps closer to me, you violated my personal space and being. When your eyes tried undressing me, you disregarded my humanness, made me feel incredibly uncomfortable in a city I call home, and grossly tried asserting an alpha male status in a public space.

But you knew that. You knew what you were doing. You knew that I didn’t and don’t want to be objectified, treated like an emotionless clothing store mannequin, and have my safety and security compromised. You knew very well that when I walk down the street I’m not asking for or inviting any sort of commentary, glares, and touching.

You treat us women as if we’re a player in your perverted and debasing game of “Street Harassment”. And of course you need to be the one controlling the “game pieces” of your sadistic game. But there’s no “Pass & Go” space in this game. You, as the street harasser have eliminated that piece because that would mean that we are free to pass by you, unharmed, untouched, unbothered, and safely. But you can’t let that happen, can you? So instead, you rig the game in favor of yourself, patriarchy, and systemic violence. You rig the game and manipulate its rules to get what you want, look at who you want, and remind those who pass you that they are objects in your game, not human beings. Your male entitlement is the card you’ve created that “trumps” all. You’ve set up the game so that we lose every time. We lose if we ignore you. We lose if we shoot you an assertive and powerful look. We lose if we fight back and honestly confront you and your offensive behavior. We even lose when we try advocating for ourself and others. We lose when we try and seek justice. What kind of game have you created? As activists, community members, advocates, bloggers, women, people who care, we will not let you win in your “game” anymore.

The game you created is “Street Harassment” and it’s been perpetuated by people like yourself and our patriarchal society. It’s a form of violence against women. Street harassment is systemic and insidious and you are perpetuating it with each unwanted comment, glare, touch, and violation of personal space. The violence women experience on the street as a result of street harassment is also perpetuated by the silence and inaction of others – of pedestrians who see it and decide to ignore it, of men who don’t educate other men, of big influencers who don’t make this issue a priority. But it’s not a game to us. Ending street harassment is a priority to us. When you swooped your head down and tried burying your face in my breasts, I did not want to be a part of that game. In fact, I made my rejection, discomfort, and fury clear. And your utter disregard for my space, my being, my body, and my opinions is loudly demonstrative of your unfair, unequal, and shameful perception of women.

We don’t exist for you to look at. We don’t walk down the street so you can put your face in my breasts. We don’t exist for you to promote systemic violence, inequality, and oppression. We will continue to exist. We will continue to walk through public spaces. Do not punish me for being a woman. We avow to be treated fairly, respectfully, equally, and humanely.

Your street harassment is exactly why we still need feminism. Your complete indifference to women’s humanity is exactly why I will continue to write passionate letters like this, publicly decry street harassment and other injustices, and advocate for the empowerment of ALL people in society at every chance I get.

– Dylan

Dylan is a recent graduate of Emerson College and currently teaches 8th, 10th, and 11th grade Digital Communications and Audio/Visual Technology in an Arkansas high school. You can visit her personal blog and follow her on Twitter @DylanManderlink.

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Filed Under: correspondents, street harassment

Kenya: Undress Me Not

March 3, 2015 By Correspondent

Linnet Nyawira Mwangi, Kisumu, Kenya, SSH Blog Correspondent

A screenshot of the woman stripped because her miniskirt was “ indecent”

I recently watched the widely viewed street harassment video “Ten hours of walking in NYC as a woman” where a young woman wearing jeans and a crewneck t-shirt walked through Manhattan, and I couldn’t help but notice the countless times she was harassed on the streets.

This made me realise there is more to street harassment than just the mode of dressing. See, in Kenya, towards the end of last year there was a wide spread campaign dubbed #MyDressMyChoice. This was as a result of women being stripped naked on broad daylight by men who gave the excuse of indecent dressing.  Since when did a miniskirt become indecent dressing? Stripping a woman who is supposedly indecently dressed does not make her more decent but robs her of her dignity. The most appropriate action would be giving her a ‘kanga’ to cover herself.

Looking at the issue of dressing keenly, we find that even the women who were attacked were not actually indecently dressed but they were attacked because they tried to defend themselves from the comments made by the harassers. It is not uncommon that some of the comments made are bound to make you angry  but sometimes it seems that the more you argue with them and challenge them, the angrier they become and behave indecently towards you. I am happy that the government and human rights activists intervened and some perpetrators of the acts were caught and charged. The issues of stripping women in public is now unheard of and I hope this continues.

But street harassment is not just about clothing. Even women in hijab get cat called on the streets too. Street harassment occurs because many of us let it happen. We watch as the men perpetrate the act and assume that it is none of our business. Some of us even stand back to listen and giggle at the comments made by the street harassers instead of helping the victims. I would like to challenge each and every person to stand up for the women in these situations.  

For the men out there, you should know that the woman you harass is someone’s sister or mother and they could also be your sister, mother or wife. I am sure you would not like it if the same was done to them.

Linnet is a student at Maseno University in Kisumu, Kenya pursuing a bachelor’s degree in sociology with IT. Follow her on Twitter @Shantel_lyn and Facebook @lynnette Shantellah.

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Filed Under: correspondents, street harassment

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