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UK: Our Reality Isn’t Your Fantasy

October 21, 2013 By Correspondent

By: Tilly Grove, London, UK, SSH Correspondent

I was nervous enough about having to use the underpass in the early evening wearing my new dress, so when the men walking past decided to wolf-whistle at me, I was a little shaken. My immediate response in these circumstances is to contact someone, to make me feel less vulnerable; I chose to message a close male friend. Instead of the sympathy I had been hoping for, he replied, wistfully: “I’ve never been whistled at.”

It is a sentiment I have heard often from straight men; no matter how distressed street harassment evidently makes women, they’re positive that the inverse is something that they’d quite like. They like the idea that a woman might come up to them and grab their backside, or make comments that implied (or outright stated) sexual attraction. Some of them might even like the idea of another man doing these things to them. They think that when a stranger catcalls, wolf-whistles, or gropes you, they are merely revealing their attraction to you, and that this would be an incredibly flattering thing to happen.

It may be that this thinking is so flawed through lack of experience, but regardless, it is hardly surprising that street harassment is so prevalent when men feel this way. Even if these men would never themselves holler at women on the street or touch them without consent, the fact that they think the act is inherently complimentary means that they help perpetuate the behaviour. It means they’re less likely to challenge it.

But they are basing their opinion on what street harassment is like from a fantasy. Many men really can only dream of what it’s like. The fact is, it’s not someone coming up to you every now and then to tell you that you look good, or to ask you out. It’s not someone hot pinching your butt in a flirty way, or making their sexual attraction to you known. It is strange men who have no reason other than their evident belief of their entitlement over women to think that you want to hear their opinions or intentions, shouting explicit things at you from across the road or pawing at you without warning or invitation, every time you leave the house. We are sick of men objectifying us whenever we walk by, sick of men intimidating us whenever we go outside. It will never be a compliment in this context.

So, if men actually want to compliment women they see on the street, they should politely get their attention and talk to them. They should keep their hands to themselves, not shout, and not make inappropriate comments or noises. These things are not complimentary; they are disrespectful, and when they come from men who we are acutely aware could easily stalk or overpower us, they become terrifying. We know that the vast majority of men perpetrating street harassment are not doing it to flatter, because it is these methods which they employ most of all. We need men as a whole to acknowledge this, whether they choose to partake in it or not, if we have any hope of seeing an end to it.

Tilly is studying for a BA in War Studies at King’s College London, where she is writing her dissertation on the effect that perceptions of gender have on the roles which women adopt in conflict. You can follow her on Tumblr and Twitter, @tillyjean_.

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Filed Under: correspondents, Stories, street harassment

India: Commodification of Women

October 21, 2013 By Correspondent

By Pallavi Kamat, Mumbai, India, SSH Correspondent

In India, as all over the world, the commodification of women in the media is a very common thing. The women are either shown as docile homemakers at the beck and call of their husbands or they are shown as sex symbols trying to convince the public at large to buy the product. The latter reflects in products as varied and unrelated as cement and residential buildings being sold by skimpily clad women.

How is this related to street harassment you wonder? Walking down the street, women and men are exposed to these advertisements. If a woman ever raises her voice in public over an issue, she is asked to not express her opinion and behave like the calm housewife. Posters of skimpily clad women have been reported to result in violence against women.

Apparently, the general public is unable to distinguish between the advertisement models and the women they see in the social sphere. Or they believe that since the models are unattainable, they can take out their feelings on these women. Either ways, it is the women who have to bear the brunt of such portrayals.

I believe organizations have a certain responsibility in this. At the cost of making profits, they are ignoring their social obligation. After all, they are just as much a part of this society. It is unfair that they use women to sell anything from a soft drink to a tile.

Other than media, the daily soaps and cinema has an equal role to play. In the soaps, women are either meek wives or villainous vamps. Either case, they send our wrong signals. A wrong portrayal of women in the domestic sphere affects the lives of married couples. They expect their wives to be like the ones in the soaps – waiting on their every requirement. The incessant bickering between mothers-in-law & daughters-in-law is responsible for marital discord in many households. And the clichéd stereotyping is not helping at all.

And the Indian cinema industry (Bollywood) only adds fuel to the fire. With the recent spate of movies featuring item songs whose sole purpose is to commodify women & titillate the men, they are not helping the cause.  The movie-makers that claim this is the demand of society and reel only replicates the real. However, that is only shirking their responsibility.

However, all is not lost. If the media and the cinema decide to be a little more responsible in their portrayal of women and showcase them in a positive & realistic light, there would not be such ripple effects in society. Sure, at the end of the day, they need to make profits. But earning them at the cost of objectifying women (which ultimately hurts the women) means they will never sleep with a clear conscience. And that is a huge price to bear!

Pallavi is a qualified Chartered Accountant and a Commerce Graduate from the University of Mumbai, India, with around 12 years of experience working in the corporate sector. Follow her on Twitter, @pallavisms.

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Filed Under: correspondents, street harassment

USA: New Yorkers Share Their #Harassmentis Stories

October 20, 2013 By Correspondent

By: Maggie Freleng, NYC, USA, SSH Correspondent

HarassmentIs Chalking in NYC

“#Harassmentis being called a terrorist because I wear a Hijab,” one slogan said.

This was just one of dozens written in chalk on the pavement in Washington Square Park in New York for the #Harassmentis chalk walk hosted by Hollaback!, an international organization to end street harassment.

In an effort to raise awareness of how different people are affected by street harassment, Hollaback! launched their newest publication “#HarassmentIs: An exploration of identity and street harassment.”

Proceeding the launch, Hollaback! also hosted a tweetup on Twitter, encouraging people to share their experiences with street harassment.

In addition, the chalk walk  was also meant to inspire people to join the conversation around street harassment.

“Chalk walking is a way for people to get together to express their views in public spaces and engage with community,” Debjani Roy, deputy director of Hollaback! said.

She said the chalk walk was a way to promote the #harassmentis guide while engaging the community in the conversation and raising awareness about street harassment publically.

The #Harrassmentis guide is a way to further explore how harassment affects different people. The guide is a way to make stories that already existed on the Hollaback! blog accessible and presentable to everyone.

“We wanted to put the stories in terms that everyone can understand globally,” Roy said, who also noted they were particularly trying to reach a younger generation. .

About 30-35 people showed up on Friday to participate in the chalk walk. However, Roy said she was most impressed with how many bystanders joined in.

Most people were excited to join in after reading the statements and asking questions about what was going on.

Harassment is something many people can relate to no matter who you are: race, religion, gender, etc.

“#Harassmentis trying to walk like a man for fear of assault,” another slogan said.

The chalk walk was a success and on that beautiful day in a New York park, intersectionality, harassment and the consequences of harassment were shared with the world.

“It was very interactive,” Roy said. “People showed a lot of interest.”

If you weren’t in New York and want to share your experience, hashtag “Harassmentis” on Twitter and keep the conversation going.

Maggie is a Brooklyn based freelance writer and photographer focusing on social justice and women’s issues. She currently writes for Vitamin W. Maggie graduated with a B.A in Journalism and English from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 2011, concentrating on dystopian literature. You can read more of her writing on her blog or follow her on Twitter, @dixiy89.

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Filed Under: correspondents, street harassment

Canada: Street Harassment in Ontario A Century Ago

October 18, 2013 By Correspondent

By: Lisane Thirsk, Ottawa, Canada, SSH Correspondent

Criminal Assize Indictment, Algoma District, 1916. Available at the Archives of Ontario.

After reading SSH blog posts earlier this month about the history of street harassment in the U.S. (book review, author interview, and 100 years of activism), I was inspired to dig up some research I did a couple years ago for my master’s degree. For one assignment I went to the Archives of Ontario and uncovered criminal case files about street harassment around the turn of the 20th century.

According to historians, this period was characterized by “moral panic” in Canada. Social anxiety surrounded immigration, urban growth, and women’s shifting roles in public life.

My search at the Archives was guided by Karen Dubinsky’s Improper Advances: Rape and Heterosexual Conflict in Ontario, 1880-1929. I recommend this book to anyone interested in the history of street harassment – particularly Chapter Two on “The Social and Spatial Settings of Sexual Violence” in rural and northern areas of the province.

The legal records cited in Dubinsky’s book, as well as those I examined on microfilm reels at the Archives, provide vast documentation of sexual violence committed by strangers outdoors.

In rural communities, rape and sexual assault were often reported by women who had been attacked while walking through isolated farm fields. On small-town roads, women more often reported offences such as being chased, insulted or grabbed.

Just like in the U.S., street harassment was known as “mashing” at that time, and it was viewed as undesirable behaviour. The records show that these assaults didn’t just occur at night or when women were walking alone.

Panic emerged in numerous communities in Ontario. Mashers were stereotypically imagined as strangers in berry patches, tramps from Montreal, taxi drivers, and Indigenous men.

One of the most infamous predatory figures was known as Jack the Hugger, the nickname of a serial sexual assaulter (or more likely, several assaulters) appearing in the records from 1894 to 1916.

When confronted by a street masher, women were quite often assertive and resourceful. They defended their right to the street with defiant words, an umbrella, or by slapping the perpetrator.

Meanwhile, the prevalence of street harassment led commentators, including judges, to call for harsher punishment in the name of women’s freedom of mobility. And it was not uncommon for women – at least those who show up in the archives as “respectable” – to successfully pursue justice through legal avenues.

In her book Dubinsky reveals that the willingness of authorities to hold mashers accountable was due in part to the growth of the labour movement in Ontario.

As it became more acceptable for single women to migrate to towns and cities for jobs, scrutiny shifted to young lower-class men harassing female factory workers. Men’s public idleness and aggression were seen as threats to the values of self-control, restraint and productivity.

Below are the basic facts from one of the case files from Sault Ste. Marie that I examined at the Archives. It included statements from the complainants, the accused, and witnesses; and it illustrates some of Dubinsky’s conclusions about mashing in early 20th century Ontario.

* Around 7:30 a.m. in July 1916, Robert E. began following Emma B., a young woman who lived at a boarding house and was on her way to work at a tailor’s shop. Emma had been alerted to the Jack-the-Hugger stories circulating in her community, so she turned onto a busier street. Robert caught up to her, grabbed her hip, and said, “You would make good fucking.” He ran away, but Emma caught up to him and told him to keep his hands off her and to mind his own business.

* A few days later, Robert assaulted Louise P. around 5:15 in the evening. In her deposition Louise reported, “a young man caught hold of me by the bre[a]st … He turned around and put his hands down the front of his pants … I asked him what the devil he meant, and I started to follow him up, and then he ran.”

* In September 1916, Robert was charged with two counts of Indecent Assault on a Female. His defence focused on him having been steadily employed at the Steel Plant.

When we look back on the history of sexual violence, we tend to assume one of two things.

We either believe that in “the good old days” women were more respected in public and harassment wasn’t as explicit. Emma and Louise’s stories, along with many others I encountered at the Archives of Ontario, would suggest otherwise.

Or else we believe that as a society we’ve come a long way from the prejudiced thinking of the past. By reading between the lines in documents like Robert E.’s indictment, Dubinsky shows that it wasn’t always women’s wellbeing or principles of social equality that guided the prosecution of street harassers.

If we look carefully at today’s responses to street harassment – legal or otherwise – we might find many of these same patterns playing out.

Lisane works in the non-profit communications sector and supports local anti-street harassment advocacy through Hollaback! Ottawa. In 2012, she completed a Master’s in Socio-Legal Studies at York University in Toronto, where she wrote her Major Research Paper on gender-based street harassment. She holds a B.A. in Latin American Studies and Spanish from the University of British Columbia.

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Filed Under: correspondents, SH History, Stories, street harassment

USA: Street Harassment is Everywhere, but so are the People Fighting It

October 16, 2013 By Correspondent

By Britnae Purdy, SSH Correspondent

Germany: International Anti-Street Harassment Week 2013

Last summer I had the opportunity to study-abroad through a month-long tour of five European capital cities. It was amazing experience, it changed my life, but blah blah blah – that’s not the point of this story. The point is that I can’t think about street harassment now without remembering one distinct night in Berlin.

Our group was on the rail system coming back from a concert. At the next stop, a few young men got on. They had clearly been drinking already that night, and were shouting, pushing each other around, roughhousing –taking up as much space in the car as they could with their overt shows of “masculinity” and being a general nuisance to the rest of the riders. They proceeded to quite obviously make remarks about the women in my school group. It was one of the few times in my life I’ve actually been grateful not to speak the local language, because judging from the uncomfortable looks of other passengers, they were being quite crude. I pulled an old trick – I “borrowed” one of my guy friends, hanging close on his arm to give the illusion that we were together to try and avoid being a target of the harassment. A couple of stops later the guys disembarked and we all breathed a sigh of relief that the uncomfortable situation was over.

Back at the hotel, a few of the girls in our group made plans to go out on the town and enjoy the Berlin nightlife. I opted to stay at the hotel with some friends instead to catch up on the required readings (nerd alert). As they left, one of the remaining boys made the remark, “I can’t believe they still want to go out, after witnessing that display of what men are like here.”

I was angry before I fully knew why, and replied sharply without thinking, “That’s ridiculous. There are guys like that everywhere.”

Thinking back, I’m not sure what made me more angry – the idea that that particular male could have been so oblivious to the fact that women are harassed on every metro system in the world, or the fact that he thought that the girls should change their plans based on that one encounter.

Women walk a fine line between staying safe and not letting fear dictate their actions. When I want to walk downtown on a weekend night in the summer, I find myself weighing how much I want to wear my cute new skirt against how much I don’t want to get harassed on the street – and then immediately hate myself and the world around me for that even being a matter I have to consider. What’s most worrisome is that, in my personal experience, I find that I sometimes internalize society’s horrid habit of victim-blaming – well, I chastise myself, as the perpetrator roars off in his car, obscenities still dripping from his tongue, blissfully free from repercussion – it is a Friday night. I am wearing heels. It is a dimly lit street. What did I expect?

When I repeat those things to myself, I realize that it’s a weak coping mechanism – if I can identify some “mistake” that I made, I can vow not to let it happen again. It lets me forget for a moment that I’m terrifyingly lacking in power to control how my own body is treated in public.

Of course, those self-chastisements do nothing to explain why I’ve also been harassed on a Wednesday, wearing flip-flops, in broad daylight.

Translating this across the sexes, perhaps a male – such as the one in my group who muttered that off-hand remark – feels that if he can blame street harassment on the actions of some drunken fellows and women who “should have known better,” he can excuse his own complacency in the harassment. He can remain comfortable identifying as a “good guy,” who only has “good guy” friends – he doesn’t street harass, and so in his mind, he need not play a role in stopping street harassment.

Perhaps some of my anger came from the truth in my own anger – yes, there are guys like that everywhere, just like there are men (and women) who deny that street harassment is a problem everywhere.

However, I refuse to believe that they outnumber the decent men and self-respecting women who are also, in fact, everywhere.

Britnae is a graduate student at George Mason University, in Virginia, where she is pursuing a Master of Arts in Global Affairs with a specialization in Security and Conflict Studies. She also writes for First Peoples Worldwide and you can read more of her writing on their blog and follow her on Twitter.

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Filed Under: correspondents, Stories, street harassment

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